Communication
Communication is important for people to share their views and opinions. It is a process in which two or more people share their knowledge, information, resources and expertise among themselves, Communication involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information that the sender intends to give.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Computers were stand-alone devices when they were first introduced. With the rapid increase in the uses of computers, the manufacturers began to design hardware and software that would allow the computers to communicate with one another
Computer communication is described as a process in which one computer transfers data, instructions, and information to another computer(s). Earlier, only large computers had communication capabilities. Today, even the smaller computers and devices can communicate directly with one another with hundreds of computers on a company network, or with millions of other computers around the globe-often via Internet. Some communications involve cables and wires; others are sent wirelessly through the air. For successful computer communication, you need the following components:
SENDER - it is sending device that initiates to send data, instructions or information. It can be a computer or mobile device.
RECEIVER - It is a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information. it can be a computer or mobile device.
PROTOCOL - It is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate. Without protocol, two devices may be connected, but cannot transfer or exchange the data. A protocol may define data format, coding schemes, and the sequence in which data transfers among devices. For example, a person who knows only English language cannot communicate with another who knows only Hindi language. For communication between two persons, the knowledge of same language is a must.
Computer Network
A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected by communication channels. People connect computers to a network for a variety of reasons, including the ability to share hardware, software, data and information, as well as to facilitate communication.
A computer network can be as small as two computers. Connected to each other, or it may be spread over different parts of a city, aur covering the whole world.
NEED FOR NETWORK
You can share resources such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information with the help of a network. Sharing resources saves time and money.
Data and Information Sharing
In a network environment, any authorized user can use a computer to access data and information stored on other computers in the network. A large company, for example might store a database of customer information on the hard disk of the server. Any authorized person can connect to the network and can access this database. The capability of providing access, and storage of data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of network.
Hardware Sharing
In a network environment, each computer on a network can access and use hardware available on the network. Suppose, there are a number of personal computers on a network and each one needs to use a laser printer. If the personal computers and the laser printer are connected in a network, each personal computer user can access the laser printer over the network, whenever he or she needs it.
Software Sharing
Network lets people gain access to software programs stored on a central computer. Using their own computers, individuals can gain access to and work with these programs. By sharing a program, a company can avoid having to install a copy of the program on each person's computer separately.
Transfer Funds
Network allows users to exchange money from one bank account to another via Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT). Both business houses and consumers use EFT. Examples include, use of credit and debit cards, direct deposit of funds into bank, online banking, and online bill payment.
TYPES OF NETWORK
There are many types of network: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Personal Area Network (PAN). Each one of these is discussed below:
LAN (Local Area Network)
A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects the computers and the devices in a limited geographical area, such as home, school computer laboratory, office building or closely positioned group of buildings. These computers are usually within 100 to 300 meters away from each other.
If you have a home network with two or more computers, or if you are at your school where more than 20 computers are connected to each other, then you are on a LAN.
Each computer or device on the network is a node. Often, the nodes are connected to the LAN via cables. LAN can either work with cables and hubs or wirelessly. A Wireless Local Area Network is also known as WLAN.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A wide area network (WAN) spans over a large geographical area, such as an entire city, region, or even an entire country or all over the world. Two or more LANS that are relatively far apart are typically connected by WAN so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. The Internet is the world's largest WAN.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN is a network that connects the Local Area Networks in a metropolitan area such as a city or a town. A MAN typically includes one or more LANs but covers a smaller geographical area than a WAN. Telephone companies, cable television operators, and other organizations use MAN network.
PAN (Personal Area Network)
A personal area network (PAN) is a network that connects personal devices like laptop, smartphones, digital cameras, printers, etc. in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology. A PAN may connect devices through a router using network cables or by using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology. You can transfer files and songs from laptop to a smartphone using PAN.
THANKS FOR VISITING !
Post a Comment